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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Frame objects</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#frame-locals-proxies">Frame locals proxies</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#legacy-local-variable-apis">Legacy local variable APIs</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#internal-frames">Internal frames</a></li>
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<section id="frame-objects">
<h1>Frame objects<a class="headerlink" href="#frame-objects" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<dl class="c type">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyFrameObject">
<span class="k"><span class="pre">type</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrameObject</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyFrameObject" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a> (as an opaque struct).</em><p>The C structure of the objects used to describe frame objects.</p>
<p>There are no public members in this structure.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.11: </span>The members of this structure were removed from the public C API.
Refer to the <a class="reference internal" href="../whatsnew/3.11.html#pyframeobject-3-11-hiding"><span class="std std-ref">What’s New entry</span></a>
for details.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="reflection.html#c.PyEval_GetFrame" title="PyEval_GetFrame"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyEval_GetFrame()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="threads.html#c.PyThreadState_GetFrame" title="PyThreadState_GetFrame"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyThreadState_GetFrame()</span></code></a> functions
can be used to get a frame object.</p>
<p>See also <a class="reference internal" href="reflection.html#reflection"><span class="std std-ref">Reflection</span></a>.</p>
<dl class="c var">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyFrame_Type">
<a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrame_Type</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyFrame_Type" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>The type of frame objects.
It is the same object as <a class="reference internal" href="../library/types.html#types.FrameType" title="types.FrameType"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">types.FrameType</span></code></a> in the Python layer.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.11: </span>Previously, this type was only available after including
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><frameobject.h></span></code>.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyFrame_New">
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyFrameObject" title="PyFrameObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrameObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrame_New</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="threads.html#c.PyThreadState" title="PyThreadState"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyThreadState</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">tstate</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="code.html#c.PyCodeObject" title="PyCodeObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyCodeObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">code</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">globals</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">locals</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyFrame_New" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Create a new frame object. This function returns a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-strong-reference"><span class="xref std std-term">strong reference</span></a>
to the new frame object on success, and returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> with an exception
set on failure.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyFrame_Check">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrame_Check</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">obj</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyFrame_Check" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Return non-zero if <em>obj</em> is a frame object.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.11: </span>Previously, this function was only available after including
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><frameobject.h></span></code>.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyFrame_GetBack">
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyFrameObject" title="PyFrameObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrameObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrame_GetBack</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyFrameObject" title="PyFrameObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrameObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">frame</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyFrame_GetBack" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Get the <em>frame</em> next outer frame.</p>
<p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-strong-reference"><span class="xref std std-term">strong reference</span></a>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> if <em>frame</em> has no outer
frame.
This raises no exceptions.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.9.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyFrame_GetBuiltins">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrame_GetBuiltins</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyFrameObject" title="PyFrameObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrameObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">frame</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyFrame_GetBuiltins" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Get the <em>frame</em>’s <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#frame.f_builtins" title="frame.f_builtins"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">f_builtins</span></code></a> attribute.</p>
<p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-strong-reference"><span class="xref std std-term">strong reference</span></a>. The result cannot be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyFrame_GetCode">
<a class="reference internal" href="code.html#c.PyCodeObject" title="PyCodeObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyCodeObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrame_GetCode</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyFrameObject" title="PyFrameObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrameObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">frame</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyFrame_GetCode" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a> since version 3.10.</em><p>Get the <em>frame</em> code.</p>
<p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-strong-reference"><span class="xref std std-term">strong reference</span></a>.</p>
<p>The result (frame code) cannot be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.9.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyFrame_GetGenerator">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrame_GetGenerator</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyFrameObject" title="PyFrameObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrameObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">frame</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyFrame_GetGenerator" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Get the generator, coroutine, or async generator that owns this frame,
or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> if this frame is not owned by a generator.
Does not raise an exception, even if the return value is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>.</p>
<p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-strong-reference"><span class="xref std std-term">strong reference</span></a>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyFrame_GetGlobals">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrame_GetGlobals</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyFrameObject" title="PyFrameObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrameObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">frame</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyFrame_GetGlobals" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Get the <em>frame</em>’s <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#frame.f_globals" title="frame.f_globals"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">f_globals</span></code></a> attribute.</p>
<p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-strong-reference"><span class="xref std std-term">strong reference</span></a>. The result cannot be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyFrame_GetLasti">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrame_GetLasti</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyFrameObject" title="PyFrameObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrameObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">frame</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyFrame_GetLasti" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Get the <em>frame</em>’s <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#frame.f_lasti" title="frame.f_lasti"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">f_lasti</span></code></a> attribute.</p>
<p>Returns -1 if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">frame.f_lasti</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyFrame_GetVar">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrame_GetVar</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyFrameObject" title="PyFrameObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrameObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">frame</span></span>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyFrame_GetVar" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Get the variable <em>name</em> of <em>frame</em>.</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-strong-reference"><span class="xref std std-term">strong reference</span></a> to the variable value on success.</p></li>
<li><p>Raise <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#NameError" title="NameError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NameError</span></code></a> and return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> if the variable does not exist.</p></li>
<li><p>Raise an exception and return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code> on error.</p></li>
</ul>
<p><em>name</em> type must be a <a class="reference internal" href="../library/stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.12.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyFrame_GetVarString">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrame_GetVarString</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyFrameObject" title="PyFrameObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrameObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">frame</span></span>, <span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt"><span class="pre">char</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyFrame_GetVarString" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyFrame_GetVar" title="PyFrame_GetVar"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyFrame_GetVar()</span></code></a>, but the variable name is a C string
encoded in UTF-8.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.12.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyFrame_GetLocals">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrame_GetLocals</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyFrameObject" title="PyFrameObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrameObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">frame</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyFrame_GetLocals" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount return_new_ref">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Get the <em>frame</em>’s <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#frame.f_locals" title="frame.f_locals"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">f_locals</span></code></a> attribute.
If the frame refers to an <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-optimized-scope"><span class="xref std std-term">optimized scope</span></a>, this returns a
write-through proxy object that allows modifying the locals.
In all other cases (classes, modules, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#exec" title="exec"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exec()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#eval" title="eval"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">eval()</span></code></a>) it returns
the mapping representing the frame locals directly (as described for
<a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#locals" title="locals"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">locals()</span></code></a>).</p>
<p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-strong-reference"><span class="xref std std-term">strong reference</span></a>.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.13: </span>As part of <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0667/"><strong>PEP 667</strong></a>, return an instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyFrameLocalsProxy_Type" title="PyFrameLocalsProxy_Type"><code class="xref c c-var docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyFrameLocalsProxy_Type</span></code></a>.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyFrame_GetLineNumber">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrame_GetLineNumber</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyFrameObject" title="PyFrameObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrameObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">frame</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyFrame_GetLineNumber" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><em class="stableabi"> Part of the <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#stable"><span class="std std-ref">Stable ABI</span></a> since version 3.10.</em><p>Return the line number that <em>frame</em> is currently executing.</p>
</dd></dl>
<section id="frame-locals-proxies">
<h2>Frame locals proxies<a class="headerlink" href="#frame-locals-proxies" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.13.</span></p>
</div>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#frame.f_locals" title="frame.f_locals"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">f_locals</span></code></a> attribute on a <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#frame-objects"><span class="std std-ref">frame object</span></a>
is an instance of a “frame-locals proxy”. The proxy object exposes a
write-through view of the underlying locals dictionary for the frame. This
ensures that the variables exposed by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">f_locals</span></code> are always up to date with
the live local variables in the frame itself.</p>
<p>See <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0667/"><strong>PEP 667</strong></a> for more information.</p>
<dl class="c var">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyFrameLocalsProxy_Type">
<a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrameLocalsProxy_Type</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyFrameLocalsProxy_Type" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>The type of frame <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#locals" title="locals"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">locals()</span></code></a> proxy objects.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyFrameLocalsProxy_Check">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrameLocalsProxy_Check</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">obj</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyFrameLocalsProxy_Check" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Return non-zero if <em>obj</em> is a frame <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#locals" title="locals"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">locals()</span></code></a> proxy.</p>
</dd></dl>
</section>
<section id="legacy-local-variable-apis">
<h2>Legacy local variable APIs<a class="headerlink" href="#legacy-local-variable-apis" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>These APIs are <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-soft-deprecated"><span class="xref std std-term">soft deprecated</span></a>. As of Python 3.13, they do nothing.
They exist solely for backwards compatibility.</p>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyFrame_LocalsToFast">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrame_LocalsToFast</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyFrameObject" title="PyFrameObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrameObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">f</span></span>, <span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span class="pre">clear</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyFrame_LocalsToFast" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Prior to Python 3.13, this function would copy the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#frame.f_locals" title="frame.f_locals"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">f_locals</span></code></a>
attribute of <em>f</em> to the internal “fast” array of local variables, allowing
changes in frame objects to be visible to the interpreter. If <em>clear</em> was
true, this function would process variables that were unset in the locals
dictionary.</p>
<div class="versionchanged soft-deprecated">
<p><span class="versionmodified soft-deprecated"><a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-soft-deprecated">Soft deprecated</a> since version 3.13: </span>This function now does nothing.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyFrame_FastToLocals">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">void</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrame_FastToLocals</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyFrameObject" title="PyFrameObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrameObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">f</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyFrame_FastToLocals" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Prior to Python 3.13, this function would copy the internal “fast” array
of local variables (which is used by the interpreter) to the
<a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#frame.f_locals" title="frame.f_locals"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">f_locals</span></code></a> attribute of <em>f</em>, allowing changes in local
variables to be visible to frame objects.</p>
<div class="versionchanged soft-deprecated">
<p><span class="versionmodified soft-deprecated"><a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-soft-deprecated">Soft deprecated</a> since version 3.13: </span>This function now does nothing.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyFrame_FastToLocalsWithError">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrame_FastToLocalsWithError</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyFrameObject" title="PyFrameObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyFrameObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">f</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyFrame_FastToLocalsWithError" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>Prior to Python 3.13, this function was similar to
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyFrame_FastToLocals" title="PyFrame_FastToLocals"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyFrame_FastToLocals()</span></code></a>, but would return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> on success, and
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> with an exception set on failure.</p>
<div class="versionchanged soft-deprecated">
<p><span class="versionmodified soft-deprecated"><a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-soft-deprecated">Soft deprecated</a> since version 3.13: </span>This function now does nothing.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
<p><span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0667/"><strong>PEP 667</strong></a></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="internal-frames">
<h2>Internal frames<a class="headerlink" href="#internal-frames" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>Unless using <span class="target" id="index-3"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0523/"><strong>PEP 523</strong></a>, you will not need this.</p>
<dl class="c struct">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c._PyInterpreterFrame">
<span class="k"><span class="pre">struct</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">_PyInterpreterFrame</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c._PyInterpreterFrame" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><p>The interpreter’s internal frame representation.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyUnstable_InterpreterFrame_GetCode">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyUnstable_InterpreterFrame_GetCode</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="k"><span class="pre">struct</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference internal" href="#c._PyInterpreterFrame" title="_PyInterpreterFrame"><span class="n"><span class="pre">_PyInterpreterFrame</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">frame</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">;</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnstable_InterpreterFrame_GetCode" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><div class="unstable-c-api warning admonition">
<em>This is <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#unstable-c-api"><span class="std std-ref">Unstable API</span></a>. It may change without warning in minor releases.</em></div>
<blockquote>
<div><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-strong-reference"><span class="xref std std-term">strong reference</span></a> to the code object for the frame.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.12.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyUnstable_InterpreterFrame_GetLasti">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyUnstable_InterpreterFrame_GetLasti</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="k"><span class="pre">struct</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference internal" href="#c._PyInterpreterFrame" title="_PyInterpreterFrame"><span class="n"><span class="pre">_PyInterpreterFrame</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">frame</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">;</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnstable_InterpreterFrame_GetLasti" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><div class="unstable-c-api warning admonition">
<em>This is <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#unstable-c-api"><span class="std std-ref">Unstable API</span></a>. It may change without warning in minor releases.</em></div>
<p>Return the byte offset into the last executed instruction.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.12.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyUnstable_InterpreterFrame_GetLine">
<span class="kt"><span class="pre">int</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyUnstable_InterpreterFrame_GetLine</span></span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="k"><span class="pre">struct</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference internal" href="#c._PyInterpreterFrame" title="_PyInterpreterFrame"><span class="n"><span class="pre">_PyInterpreterFrame</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">frame</span></span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><span class="p"><span class="pre">;</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnstable_InterpreterFrame_GetLine" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><div class="unstable-c-api warning admonition">
<em>This is <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#unstable-c-api"><span class="std std-ref">Unstable API</span></a>. It may change without warning in minor releases.</em></div>
<p>Return the currently executing line number, or -1 if there is no line number.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.12.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c var">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyUnstable_ExecutableKinds">
<span class="k"><span class="pre">const</span></span><span class="w"> </span><a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></span></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyUnstable_ExecutableKinds</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnstable_ExecutableKinds" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><div class="unstable-c-api warning admonition">
<em>This is <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#unstable-c-api"><span class="std std-ref">Unstable API</span></a>. It may change without warning in minor releases.</em></div>
<p>An array of executable kinds (executor types) for frames, used for internal
debugging and tracing.</p>
<p>Tools like debuggers and profilers can use this to identify the type of execution
context associated with a frame (such as to filter out internal frames).
The entries are indexed by the following constants:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Constant</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyUnstable_ExecutableKinds.PyUnstable_EXECUTABLE_KIND_SKIP">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyUnstable_EXECUTABLE_KIND_SKIP</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnstable_ExecutableKinds.PyUnstable_EXECUTABLE_KIND_SKIP" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><div class="unstable-c-api warning admonition">
<em>This is <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#unstable-c-api"><span class="std std-ref">Unstable API</span></a>. It may change without warning in minor releases.</em></div>
</dd></dl>
</td>
<td><p>The frame is internal (For example: inlined) and should be skipped by tools.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyUnstable_ExecutableKinds.PyUnstable_EXECUTABLE_KIND_PY_FUNCTION">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyUnstable_EXECUTABLE_KIND_PY_FUNCTION</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnstable_ExecutableKinds.PyUnstable_EXECUTABLE_KIND_PY_FUNCTION" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><div class="unstable-c-api warning admonition">
<em>This is <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#unstable-c-api"><span class="std std-ref">Unstable API</span></a>. It may change without warning in minor releases.</em></div>
</dd></dl>
</td>
<td><p>The frame corresponds to a standard Python function.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyUnstable_ExecutableKinds.PyUnstable_EXECUTABLE_KIND_BUILTIN_FUNCTION">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyUnstable_EXECUTABLE_KIND_BUILTIN_FUNCTION</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnstable_ExecutableKinds.PyUnstable_EXECUTABLE_KIND_BUILTIN_FUNCTION" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><div class="unstable-c-api warning admonition">
<em>This is <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#unstable-c-api"><span class="std std-ref">Unstable API</span></a>. It may change without warning in minor releases.</em></div>
</dd></dl>
</td>
<td><p>The frame corresponds to a function defined in native code.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyUnstable_ExecutableKinds.PyUnstable_EXECUTABLE_KIND_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyUnstable_EXECUTABLE_KIND_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnstable_ExecutableKinds.PyUnstable_EXECUTABLE_KIND_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><div class="unstable-c-api warning admonition">
<em>This is <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#unstable-c-api"><span class="std std-ref">Unstable API</span></a>. It may change without warning in minor releases.</em></div>
</dd></dl>
</td>
<td><p>The frame corresponds to a method on a class instance.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>However, Python’s C API lacks a function to read the executable kind from
a frame. Instead, use this recipe:</p>
<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kt">int</span>
<span class="nf">get_executable_kind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PyFrameObject</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">frame</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_PyInterpreterFrame</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">frame</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">f_frame</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PyObject</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">exec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">f_executable</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PyCode_Check</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">exec</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PyUnstable_EXECUTABLE_KIND_PY_FUNCTION</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">PyMethod_Check</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">exec</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PyUnstable_EXECUTABLE_KIND_BUILTIN_FUNCTION</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Py_IS_TYPE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">exec</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">PyMethodDescr_Type</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PyUnstable_EXECUTABLE_KIND_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PyUnstable_EXECUTABLE_KIND_SKIP</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.13.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="c macro">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyUnstable_EXECUTABLE_KINDS">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="n"><span class="pre">PyUnstable_EXECUTABLE_KINDS</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyUnstable_EXECUTABLE_KINDS" title="Link to this definition">¶</a><br /></dt>
<dd><div class="unstable-c-api warning admonition">
<em>This is <a class="reference internal" href="stable.html#unstable-c-api"><span class="std std-ref">Unstable API</span></a>. It may change without warning in minor releases.</em></div>
<p>The number of entries in <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyUnstable_ExecutableKinds" title="PyUnstable_ExecutableKinds"><code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyUnstable_ExecutableKinds</span></code></a>.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.13.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
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